Gelede mask, Nigeria

The traditional Yoruba mask of the Gelede type consists of two basic compositional parts – a stylized human face and a complex zoomorphic superstructure. The facial part bears an elaborate polychrome decoration with vertical red, white and green stripes and typical Yoruba scars on the cheeks. On the top of the head, next to a plastically carved chameleon with yellow pigment, a three-dimensional figure of a bird with a massive red beak, which pecks at the head of the mask, dominates. The entire surface bears traces of ritual use, layered polychromy and natural patina.

Gelede masks are used during the ritual ceremonies of the same name, which celebrate and appease the spiritual power of women, especially elderly mothers. These women are perceived as bearers of mysterious creative and destructive power. The mask’s construction tells a story or carries a proverb – the presence of a bird and a chameleon symbolizes transformation, magical power, communication with the night world and the ability of mothers to influence the fate of the community. The dance in these masks aims to ensure the fertility of the land, social peace, fertility and prosperity of the entire community.

Nigeria, 1st half of the 20th century, wood, polychrome, 50 x 30 x 22 cm